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U.S. Transportation Policies, 2008.
An exploration of the evolution of public policy initiatives in the transportation field in the United States.
3,827 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper considers the historical background of the public transportation network in the US and focuses on the public policies that President Roosevelt and other leaders established. The paper explores the needs of the public transportation policy today and proposes where improvements are needed.
From the Paper
"The United States is considered to be one of the most modern states in the world. It represents a symbol of democracy, technology, and innovation. At the same time however, it has often been envied by more traditional societies and nations with a longer history for its sense of evolution and the rapid growth of the nation, particularly starting from the end of the American Revolution. However, it must be noted that the status the US enjoys at the moment as the end of a cultural road and the destination place for most of the people in the world is in fact the result of historical development and a constant desire to improve the conditions of its citizens as well as for any inhabitant of the US. These attempts are visible in all walks of life, taking into account the constant desires to improve the legislative framework; in this sense, the Constitution was modified on several occasions precisely to ensure equal rights to the people living in America and to its citizens. On a similar note, there are legislative acts which have tried to ensure similar equal status for people, regardless of their race and color in areas such as health care, education, and even transportation. These have taken the form of public policies which try to improve the quality of life in all its respects."
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Government Outsourcing, 2008.
A research paper on the growing trend in the United States to outsource government functions.
10,770 words (approx. 43.1 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 214.95
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Abstract
The paper notes that the US government is one of the largest employers of the private sector and that, in an attempt to cut the federal budget, the US government continues to use an increasing number of private entities to perform tasks that were once performed by Federal Employees. The paper discusses how this practice has come under attack for many reasons. There are questions over the quality of work, security, and whether outsourcing reduces expenses in reality. This paper explores the growing practice of outsourcing goods and services that were once the job of federal employees. The paper includes graphs and tables.
Outline:
Who Uses Outsourcing?
Economics of Outsourcing
Current Situation
Legal Implications
What are the Requirements for Outsourcing Government Functions?
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
Key Issues Regarding Outsourcing
Monitoring of Contractors
Would Outsourcing Shift Skill Workforce from the Public Sector to the Private Sector?
Real Impacts of Off Shoring
Problems and Solutions
What Support Does the Government Offer for the Current Trend?
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The U.S. Defense Department uses a plethora of private contractors in a number of positions so that is can focus on its primary mission, protecting the country . The Defense Department uses private contractors for a number of functions, including infrastructure, such as electricity, telecommunications, water and sewage treatment. The use of outsourcing in the Defense Department is perhaps one of the most controversial areas of the outsourcing area. There is a concern among many that outsourcing in this area of the government may place our country at risk. However, the Defense Department claims that outsourcing non-military roles frees their personnel to remain focused on their primary task without distraction."
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Purchasing Power Parity, 2008.
This paper offers an overview of the concept of purchasing power parity.
1,851 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the background of the theory of purchasing power parity and examines the theory's effects on prices and businesses, its usefulness and its limitations.
Outline:
Background of the Development of the Theory
PPP as an Extension of the 'Law of One Price'
Relative PPP
Usefulness of the PPP Theory
Limitations of the PPP Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Purchasing power parity (PPP) theory states that exchange rates between currencies are in equilibrium when their purchasing power is the same in each of the two countries. It is based on the concept that identical goods in an efficient market must have the same price when measured in a common currency. Proponents of the theory believe that comparison of the market exchange rates of currencies of various countries and comparison with their PPP exchange rates are a reflection of their over or under-valuation. Moreover, GDP per capita based on PPP provides a more accurate method of comparing the standard of living in different countries than the conventional GDP per capita (nominal) based on the market exchange rate since the prices of a number of goods and services vary widely between countries at the market exchange rates."
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Free Trade, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of free trade on the economies of developing nations and small communities.
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how free trade tends to benefit those who are already wealthy and in many cases threatens to increase income disparity in developing and wealthy countries. The paper notes benefits of free trade but discusses how workers lose in the short run by the reduced dependence on local economies, the shifting labor pools to large multinational corporations and the low wage rate paid to workers in developing nations. The paper concludes that free trade and the global market economy can benefit individuals, their communities and whole regions of the world if there is a more ethical environment where small business growth and development is encouraged and the plight of women is improved.
From the Paper
"Free trade impacts every level of the global economy and has a particularly strong impact on the economies of developing nations and small communities. However, the wealthiest nations in the world stand to gain as much if not more so than their poorer counterparts. Wealthy nations control vast amounts of wealth, political power, and natural resources. The G8's clout ensures that free trade is not an egalitarian or just global economic system. If it were, small independent businesses and entrepreneurs around the world would have greater access to foreign markets and foreign direct investment. As it stands, free trade benefits mainly those corporations that already control a substantial portion of the global market. Moreover, larger corporations can take advantage of international and regional free trade agreements in ways smaller firms cannot: through the mobilization of people, goods and services."
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Workers' Compensation, 2008.
An overview of workers' compensation programs and laws in the US.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses several laws that are the basis for workers' compensation benefits in America. The paper looks at the Federal Employment Compensation Act that addresses cases of disability or death occurring while carrying out job related responsibilities. The paper also refers to other laws geared towards illnesses or health concerns that have arisen from working in certain industries. Finally, the paper considers potential improvements to workers compensation programs.
Outline:
Introduction
Workers Compensation
Improvements to Worker's Compensation
From the Paper
"Worker's compensation is defined as "a policy conforming to state law, which pays benefits to an employee (or an employee's family) if the employee suffers a job-related injury (including death), or disease related to work (Insurance Glossary)." According to the Legal information institute of Cornell Law School, there are also some laws that are designed to shelter employers and workers by by placing limitations on the amount of compensation an injured employee can receive and by removing the liability of co-workers when accidents occur. The legal information institute also explains that compensation statutes for stateworkers are ussually the standard used for private employees. "
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Capitalism, Globalization and Neoliberalism, 2008.
This paper discusses whether the capitalist and the globalized trade system is beneficial for society.
752 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the neoliberal perspective on capitalism and globalization and shows how Indian affairs were conducted in this way already at the time of the British Empire. The paper also looks at the criticisms of capitalism and concludes that although there is long way until a certain equilibrium between benefits and costs is achieved, it is fair to say that globalization is an important aspect of today's world.
From the Paper
"The colonial relations that represented the basis of the system which determined the evolution and development of empires such as the British and the French one represented some of the most important examples of controlled economies. Colonies such as India were viewed as being essential for the economy of the British Empire; consequently, the trade relations most of the times included a controlled report between the two sides.
"It has often been debated that globalization and capitalism are not solely responsible for the improvement in the condition of human life. This is largely due to the fact that there have been seen more negative aspects rather than benefic ones. However, neoliberals consider this issue reversely. They argue that the interdependent nature of communication, transit, and economic flows are essential and represent a driving force for the development of the world."
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Innovation Crisis in Europe, 2008.
An argument that European countries do not want and therefore discourage innovation in their industries.
1,103 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper presents statistics that highlight a substantial difference in levels of innovation between the US and Europe. The paper asserts that although governments in Europe claim to want innovation, they are unwilling to allow the private sector the fiscal and regulatory freedom to produce it. The paper concludes that as long as European countries do not want innovation, the US and other parts of the world will benefit by a brain drain of talented European entrepreneurs and inventors emigrating to friendlier environments.
Outline:
Introduction
The US versus Europe
European Failures at Innovation
US Innovation Success
Do Europeans Want Innovation? No!
Conclusion
From the Paper
"First, what is the relative differential in innovation between the US and Europe? Traditional measures, such as the number of patents or the number of Nobel prize winners, may not be the best measure from an economic standpoint. A more direct measure would be: how has job growth, income growth and wealth accumulation compared between Europe and the United States over the past, say, 25 years?
"The comparison shows a stark advantage for the US. The US has created 30 million new jobs since 1982, while Europe (with a larger population) has created just 10 million (EU, 2005). Many of those jobs in Europe came from the public sector, while nearly all growth in US jobs have been in the private sector. Income comparisons are also stark: the US average income per capita in 2007 was over $41,000, while the per capita rates in Germany ($33K), France ($35K) and the UK ($36K) were much lower. If one uses PPP, or Purchasing Power Parity, the actual spendable income in the US is double that of Germany or France, and 60% higher than the UK (BBC, 2002)."
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Race Critical Theories, 2008.
This paper looks at race critical theories while discussing the book 'Worked to the Bone' by Pem Davidson Buck.
973 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that 'Worked to the Bone' by Pem Davidson Buck is subtitled 'Race, Class, Power, & Privilege in Kentucky' and this neatly sums up the focus of her work. The writer discusses that Buck, by training an anthropologist, embarks upon a critical examination of the construction of social and economic privilege in Kentucky in racial terms. The writer points out that Buck resides and works in the two counties she studies, thus she provides a personal and intimate as well as a scholarly overview of what she calls the false lie of 'trickle up' economics in the region. The writer concludes that Buck's work is an important contribution to literature about racial 'construction' in America, and it is particularly interesting because it is told from the point of view of whites, yet condemns white privilege.
From the Paper
"Although in Kentucky the privileged classes are white, not all whites are privileged. This is what is particularly noxious about how white class privilege is constructed. When the South was settled in the 1600s, the poorest white colonists were persuaded by the elites that it was also in their interests to create a system of slavery defining blacks as inferior. Rebellions like Bacon's Rebellion in the 1670s were put down through a false system of granting minor privileges to the poor because of their whiteness, like the ownership of small plots of land and greater access to voting rights.
"Because blacks were so oppressed white upon white class oppression seemed as bad, relatively speaking, because at least poor whites had the benefits of whiteness, and more rights than slaves. This system of racial injustice created a state of false consciousness amongst poor, free whites, as poor whites identified with aristocratic individuals who actually advanced policies against the poor's economic interests."
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Monopoly Vs Good Management, 2008.
This paper explains monopoly to be an "enemy" of good management.
1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper defines a monopoly and outlines its advantages and disadvantages. The paper explores why a monopoly is perceived as the enemy of good leadership and explains that it reduces a management's interest towards the product development, the satisfaction of customers' needs, the personnel and the resource allocation.
Outline:
Introduction
Monopoly as an Enemy to Good Management
Monopoly
Monopoly as Enemy
From the Paper
"There are numerous definitions of monopoly throughout the economics theory, formulated in different ways but generally conducting the reader to the same conclusion: monopoly is power - the power of one company to produce as much as they like, generally the offer is lower than the demand, and then price these items to their personal benefit. "Monopoly power refers to the degree of practical control that firms have over their prices" (Karier, 1993).
"There are no competitors due to either man-made restrictions or due to barriers imposed by the economy and the consumers have no other choice but to purchase the items presented to them by the sole company activating on that particular industry segment. The man-made restrictions which foster a monopolistic economy are legal barriers and patents."
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