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HIPAA Standards and Patient Privacy, 2008.
A discussion of the HIPAA standards and the application of patients' personal health information.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) standards help patients to protect their medical information from the general public. The paper lists the twelve scenarios where medical information is used in unrelated healthcare issues.
From the Paper
"The HIPAA standards help patents to protect their medical information from the general public. Every patient is entitled to their privacy when it comes to their medical records. Before the HIPAA, patients' medical information was more easily obtainable without their written permission, which completely invaded their privacy. From there, the HIPAA standards have improved privacy issues for patients' medical records and their rights.
"However, there are only certain circumstances that the patients cannot have access to their own medical records. If the patient is endanger of hurting themselves, the only way that they can have access to their medical records is through the doctor. This is due to their health and physical protection."
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Hate Crimes, 2008.
A discussion on the challenges of hate crime legislation.
2,334 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses hate crimes and hate crime legislation and rulings. The paper provides examples of hate crime throughout history, citing the Holocaust. The paper also discusses the severity of hate crimes, considering them more heinous because they are often in response to human conditions for which the barer has no choice or control of. In addition, the paper examines hate crime legislation and its effectiveness. Lastly, the paper discusses the challenges of hate crime legislation, made even more difficult by the constitutional rights to freedom of speech.
Outline:
Historical Origins of Hate Crimes
Hate Speech, Hate Crimes and the Constitution
Pros and Cons of Hate Crime Legislation
References
From the Paper
"The symbolism of hatred, including the brandishing of swastikas and the burning of crosses as a testament to the belief in the supremacy of one race over another also fall into acts that are protected by constitutional rights. Individuals in the past have not been prosecuted for such demonstrations unless they have somehow broken another law, such as trespassing in the case of cross burning. The difficulty being that the dogma espoused precipitates other unprotected acts of violence against blacks and other undesirable peoples, including Jews. The dogmatic speech associated with white supremacy, is protected by the constitution, and many people become ensconced by the ideas to perpetrate further violence and publicly demonstrate their opinions about superiority and more specifically the inferiority of others."
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Immigration Reform, 2008.
The paper discusses the question of immigration reform in the United States in relation to immigrants from Mexico.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper examines the issue of illegal immigration to the United States from Mexico and the need for reform in existing immigration laws. The paper's author postulates that the arguments put forward by opponents of immigration reform are, for the most part invalid and based on racial stereotyping as opposed to reasoned argument. The author states that despite being "illegal", Mexican immigrants are an essential part of the US' work force and as such, deserve the same rights that are accorded to workers who are also citizens. Examples are given of state discrimination against illegal immigrants from Mexico as well as attempts by federal courts to give such immigrants a modicum of protection.
From the Paper
"The Supreme Court began to challenge immigration laws in 1875 by ruling that individual states did not have the constitutional right to regulate immigration, as this was exclusively a federal issue. (Heer 37) From this time forward the Supreme Court and other federal entities have had the sole responsibility of enacting and enforcing immigration laws, many of which followed the traditional pattern of allowance only when the US had a need for labor. The first act was to level a head tax on immigrants, which would presumably answer the state's individual desires to bar paupers from entrance into the US. It is possible that many of the ensuing regulations and challenges to Mexican immigration have been as a result of the early sentiment that stresses that those in the direst economic need should not be able to enter the US."
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Drawing the Line:Security Vs. Civil Rights, 2008.
A paper discussing the dangers that increased security and police activity pose for human rights.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The author discusses the problems arising from the need for increased security and police activity in the light of rising crime rates and terrorism. However, according to the author, increased surveillance and police activity results in infringements of hard won human rights and civil liberties. The author of the paper contends that the parameters of the security apparatus must be carefully set, the boundaries between freedom and safety delineated in ways that do not blur the lines between public and civil rights. The writer also addresses the tendency for law enforcement agencies to judge segments of the population on the basis of race or religious background and how this also creates a situation where infringement of basic civil rights and liberties is possible. The author makes a personal statement at the end of the paper when he writes: "A society that loses its liberty is a police state. Modern day America is moving closer each day to that terrible point. "
From the Paper
"Such attitudes encourage police, and other security personnel, to look on African-Americans with suspicion, again, particularly if they are young and male. Within the emerging security state, this equal to a greater probability that young Black men will be stopped and searched - even without good cause. Young African-American males, and other members of similarly suspect groups, will be probed into more closely, their records checked or seized. More and more, both private businesses and government agencies are requesting criminal background checks and credit reports on persons whose only crime is that they fit "the profile." Intelligence agencies capture e-mails and telephone calls in an ever-widening search for suspicious catchwords and phrases. The recent story of the fight over immunity for telecommunications companies that provided FBI agents with free access to private communications is but a case in point."
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Legal Issues, 2008.
Reviews various legal issues using examples from the 1990s O.J. Simpson trials and the Woburn, Massachusetts leukemia case.
2,225 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the legal issues of jurisdiction, double jeopardy, punitive damages vs. criminal cases and forfeiture laws. The paper points out that a legal analysis of the O.J. Simpson case shows that a criminal prosecution involves different laws, a different court system and a different burden of proof than in the second trail, which was a civil case for wrongful death in which it was only necessary to show only that the defendant was legally responsible for the death. The paper then discusses the issue of jurisdiction regarding the Woburn, Massachusetts case. The paper refers to the U.S. Supreme Court discussion surrounding the Fourth Amendment.
From the Paper
"In the case raised in Woburn, Massachusetts, issues of jurisdiction emerged as the company being sued successfully managed to get the case transferred from state court to a federal court. The issue raised was based on the discovery that the municipal water supply for the town of Woburn included a well that intermittently pumped water into the Woburn drinking water supply until sometime in 1979, in spite of complaints from the residents of East Woburn that the water had an odor and a chemical taste. An illegal drum dump was found in 1979, and the water was tested and found to contain the industrial solvent trichloroethylene (TCE)."
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The Child Health Care Relief Act (HR-1106), 2008.
Describes the process by which the Child Health Care Relief Act (HR-1106) became public policy.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Child Health Care Relief Act (HR-1106) is the direct response to the shortage of qualified mental health care providers for children. The paper lists of some of the key facts, which promoted this Act, such as leaving mental illnesses untreated can lead a child to suicide or a life of crime. The paper presents the major contents of theAact and the legislators involved in its passage. The paper also notes that this Act has led to other types of policy to support child mental health.
From the Paper
"Some proposed bills were introduced in Congress. Senator Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) introduced S.1572, the Child Health Care Crisis Relief Act of 2007, in order to establish forgiveness of college grants of advisers working in underserved areas. The Senator involved himself with Representatives Patrick Kennedy (Rl-1) and Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (FL-18) who introduced similar legislation in the House or Representatives last May. H.R. 2073 and S.1572 had made sure that America's young generation had enough availability to mental health professionals across the country."
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Fingerprints vs. DNA, 2008.
Compares finger print identification to DNA analysis as the better forensic tool.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when the finger prints are obtained and can be fitted into the part of the narration and other circumstantial evidence, the role of DNA mapping becomes secondary. The paper points out that the science of fingerprinting and analysis has evolved to almost a perfect method; whereas, the science of DNA analytics as applied to forensics is still evolving. The paper also relates that DNA evidence is accepted in courts; however, the general view of the courts is to rely on other evidence wherever available even to the extent of ignoring the DNA evidence.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Issues in Forensic Science
Finger Prints and DNA: A Comparison
The Problems and Future of DNA Testing
Legal views of DNA
Conclusion
From the Paper
"We have to understand that the DNA study is recent and fingerprint analysis is centuries old. The legal system adopted fingerprinting and thereby subjected all citizens to it two centuries ago. In 1985 the DNA or genetic fingerprinting was used. The system was developed by Prof. Alec Jeffrys and subsequent to its recognition the courts have recognized it as direct evidence. Fingerprinting was made official with the penal servitude act far back in 1891 which provided for the fingerprinting of convicts and by the direction of a magistrate for those in remand."
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Privacy Law, 2008.
Analyzes the issue of privacy, even for sex offenders, as decided in the case of "Connecticut Dept. of Public Safety v. Doe".
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the question arose in the 2003 U.S. Supreme Court case "Connecticut Dept. of Public Safety v. Doe", was how should the law, even in the case of sexual offenses to children, balance the issue of public safety and protection with the rights of the individual who committed the crime. The author describes Connecticut's "Megan's Law", which requires convicted sex offenses to register and have their names posted upon their release into the community, and the process of the legal challenge to this law. The paper concludes that the U.S. Supreme Court made a relatively technical ruling in the Connecticut case based upon the defendant's invocation of the Due Process Clause; however, the question of the individual's right to privacy and the need of the state to provide public safety still remains.
From the Paper
"The U.S. Supreme Court, in 2003 lead by Chief Justice Rehnquist, disagreed with the Second Circuit Court. It decided that the Connecticut Second Circuit's judgment should be reversed because the court required that the defendant have a hearing to be subject to the public list, which the Supreme Court did not feel to be necessary. The court unanimously decided that due process does not require a convicted defendant have an opportunity to prove a fact and an injury to an individual's reputation in a hearing."
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Ethics and Patenting, 2008.
This paper discusses patenting and ethics and looks at the commercialization of living things.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of biology and biodiversity. Specifically the writer discusses the possibility of patenting living things and looks at what the limitations are on this patenting process. The writer explains that living things can be patented, but there are certain limitations on the patenting process. The writer also notes that there are numerous ethical issues surrounding the patenting of living things, and the morality of this practice comes into question. However, the ethics of this practice remain in question. The writer concludes that the Patent office should have guidelines that severely restrict the issuing of patents on living things, because living things, especially humans, should never become a commodity.
From the Paper
"This created impetus to patent all types of living things, from bacterium to the Harvard mouse, and today, patents are routinely granted on living things, seemingly without any thought. The Patent office does not allow the patenting of a human being, but in the case of the law on mammal cloning, humans are not excluded from the language of the patent, which leaves the patent open to human as well as other types of mammal cloning. Therefore, the Patent office is sending mixed messages with its granting of patents, and it could be conceivable that the office would support a patent for human beings in the future. This is a frightening thought for many people who do not support the idea of cloning humans on both religious and moral grounds, and it will certainly lead to a public outcry if it occurs."
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