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Hovercrafts, 2008.
A brief overview of hovercrafts, also known as air-cushioned vehicles (ACVs).
769 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the history of the hovercraft, its design and recent developments such as the heavy load air-cushioned vehicles (ACVs) and personal hovercrafts. The paper looks at potential developments with this technology and concludes that the technology will likely continue to contribute to new applications such as space exploration.
Outline:
Introduction
Hovercraft Developments
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The concept of a vehicle which would be able to travel on cushions of air was first proposed back in 1877 by the English engineer John Thornycroft, although Christopher Cockerell is credited with the actual invention. Cockerell developed and built the first hovercraft in 1955 (Johnson 550). It was constructed of balsa wood and powered by a small fan, reaching speeds of up to 12 mph over both land and water. It was not until 1959 that the first practical model was built by Saunders-Roe Ltd. who were predominantly an aircraft manufacturing firm. The hovercraft then entered public use in 1962, where the first passenger hovercraft began operation across the Dee Estuary in Scotland (Sebastian 179)."
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Isaac Newton, 2008.
A discussion of Sir Isaac Newton's inventions and discoveries.
1,589 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all times with achievements in other domains such as alchemy, chemistry and even religion or philosophy. The paper looks at Newton's work "Optiks," a study which best emphasizes his work on light and color, and his work "The Principia" that explains Newton's three laws and his definition of gravity.
From the Paper
"Sir Isaac Newton is one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all times; usually presented by the historical documents of science as the academician who discovered the Law of Gravity, Newton also had great achievements in domains such as optics, mathematics, mechanics, alchemy, chemistry and even religion or philosophy. He was born in 1642 at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, where he started his education. In 1661 he became a student of the Cambridge University and in 1667 a Fellow of the Trinity College, when he discovered his passion for mathematics. He later on became a professor of the university, this period of his life being mainly dedicated to studying mathematics, physics and alchemy. Moreover, he made his first public scientific achievement, the invention, design and construction of a reflecting telescope and he also wrote "Principia", a study of mathematical principles applied on natural philosophy, which was only published in 1687 ."
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Political Science, 2008.
A review of Iran's nuclear development program and the opposition to the program.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of Iran and its nuclear development program and the tension that it is creating within Western nations. The paper notes that the Iranian government has been involved in nuclear enrichment and development for years, and has hidden the program for eighteen years. The United Nations Security Council has ordered Iran to stop nuclear enrichment, which Iran has refused, saying it needs nuclear power, and needs to control its use inside its borders. The paper comments that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been involved in monitoring the situation in Iran and safeguarding nuclear sites in compliance with an international agreement, but Iran has refused to honor the UN and IAEA requests that it stop nuclear enrichment programs and stop building on a heavy water nuclear plant. The paper describes the debate and disagreement about how to deal with Iran and their nuclear program.
From the Paper
"While the IAEA is satisfied with some of Iran's policies, including Iran's experimenting with plutonium and the incidence of high-enriched uranium particles in the country. However, there are other issues that have not been resolved, including, "Iran's acquisition of centrifuge technology, contamination by highly-enriched uranium of samples taken at a university in Tehran, [and] Iran's possession of a document describing procedures for using uranium metal in hemispheres for a nuclear device and Iran's activities concerning polonium." While Iran has answered some of these lingering questions, they have not answered all of them, which makes many wonder about the exact intentions of the Iranian government, and leads them not to trust the government and to question its true intentions."
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Yucca Mountain, 2008.
An overview of the issues associated with the development of the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste project in Nevada.
1,892 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of nuclear waste. The paper specifically discusses the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste project in Nevada and the opposition to the development of this project.
From the Paper
"Nuclear waste has been a growing problem since the spread of nuclear power plants in the 1950s and 1960s. The power plants rely on radioactive rods to generate nuclear power, and when the rods are spent, they are still highly radioactive, and must be stored somewhere. Currently, the spent rods are stored around the country in many different storage facilities, but for safety, the government wants to consolidate the storage in a remote facility built especially to handle large amounts of nuclear waste. While the idea sounds plausible, there have been numerous problems with the site chosen for the storage facility since its inception. "
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Chernobyl and Literature, 2008.
This paper looks at literature discussing the impact of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Chernobyl nuclear disaster and looks at writers who have made a profound impact on the response to the disaster. The writer notes that the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl, Soviet Union in 1986 was one of the worst disasters of the 20th century, and it has had horrible effects on the people who lived anywhere near the nuclear plant. The writer points out that many writers and artists have had a profound impact on the response to Chernobyl. The writer discusses that some writers are still contributing to that impact with continuing coverage of the aftermath of Chernobyl and how it has affected the citizens of Russia and worst of all, how it has affected their children, and continues to affect the area, more than 20 years after the disaster.
From the Paper
"Most of the families are extremely poor, and have little hope for the future. Authors De Jong and Knoth corroborate this poverty and hopelessness in their photo-essay that chronicles children and adults throughout the Belarus region. Some have committed suicide, others have abandoned their newborn children at hospitals because of their health conditions, and few have moved away, because they do not have the resources to do so. These authors graphically illustrate how horrible the disaster was, the magnitude of the radiation, and how radiation lingers throughout the region, but the people go on living their lives just as they did before. They bathe, fish, and hunt in contaminated rivers, eat contaminated food grown in contaminated soil, and live in towns and villages too contaminated to support life, yet the government does nothing."
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Galileo and Conflicts with the Church, 2008.
An examination of Galileo's work in the realm of astronomy, physics and mathematics and how the Catholic Church reacted to his views.
1,486 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and discoveries of Galileo. It specifically discusses the conflict of Galileo's discoveries with the Catholic Church. It looks at his work in the sciences of astronomy, physics and mathematics and his adoption of the Copernican astronomical theory. The paper also looks at the Catholic Church's reactions to his views.
From the Paper
"In the end, Galileo forever changed the the sciences of astronomy, physics and mathematics. Despite the attempts by the Church to silence his revolutionary work, Galileo continued. His work, was evaluated and validated by observers across Europe, in England, German and France. And, it would be Galileo's work that would encourage experimentation in physics, to test mathematical and physical laws. Sadly, it wouldn't be until more than 300 years later that the Church would recant their views, with Cardinal Paul Poupard, the head of an investigation by the church into Galileo's theory, statement in 1992 that said, "We today know that Galileo was right in adopting the Copernican astronomical theory" (qtd. Brauchli )."
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Iranian Nuclear Ambitions and American Options, 2008.
An examination of the threat posed by a nuclear Iran and the options for the rest of the world.
1,118 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of nuclear technology in Iran. It discusses the reasons that Iran gives for the developments and the views of the rest of the world regarding the issue. The paper focuses on the potential threat posed by Iran if it has nuclear power capabilities. The paper then looks at the options for addressing the threat that is posed by Iran.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Military Threat of a Nuclear Iran
Non-Military Threats of a Nuclear Iran
Options for Addressing the Threat of a Nuclear Iran
From the Paper
"However, unlike the Iraqi nuclear reactor destroyed by Israel in Natanz, the Iranian nuclear network comprise hundreds of individual facilities located underground in hardened bunkers and spread out throughout much of the country. It is, therefore, possible that without U.S. tactical assistance, Israel might eventually have only one option for preventing Iran from developing nuclear weapons: namely, a pre-emptive nuclear strike of its own. Given the inevitable blame that the U.S. will share throughout the rest of the Muslim world for such an attack, even without direct U.S. involvement, it might behoove this country to provide assistance to enable Israel to destroy the threat using the latest U.S. conventional (i.e. non-nuclear) technology capable of achieving the objective without the unavoidable death of millions in Iran."
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Nuclear Weapons and Moral Choices, 2008.
An exploration of the moral beliefs held by the scientists instrumental in developing the nuclear atomic bomb.
2,871 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the thesis that the physicists instrumental in the design and development of the nuclear atomic bomb held a level of pride in their accomplishment as well as regret for its potential for destruction, death and war. The paper describes the Manhattan Project and examines the personal moral standards of the scientists who developed it. The paper shows how regrets were certainly held by Bethe, Oppenheimer, Haber and other scientists and physicists sharing in the atomic energy and weaponry projects.
Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
The Manhattan Project
Moral Responsibility of the Physicist
Hans Bethe
Julius Robert Oppenheimer
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work entitled: "Invisible: Atomic Bomb Efforts in the US, USSR and National Socialist Germany" relates that governments and physicists both came to realize "simultaneously...that their discoveries had military potential. If any nation could harness the energy of nuclear fission in an explosion, a super bomb would be possible." (Open Society Archives, 2007) The second World War erupted in Europe in 1939 and the publications concerning nuclear subject matter "disappeared from scientific journals and the race to the nuclear bomb was on." (Open Society Archives)"
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Attenuation, 2008.
A brief look at the use of attenuation in ultrasound scans.
841 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the anatomy of attenuation and how it is used in ultrasound scans to determine to a higher degree the image quality of a CT scan. The paper looks at several studies on CT imaging results and the use of attenuation-corrected images.
From the Paper
"Attenuation means a reduction in intensity and amplitude in a radio signal. Radio signals are used in medicine in the medium of ultrasound. Measured in decibels (dB) per unit length of medium, attenuation is represented by the coefficient of the medium in question (dB/cm, dB/km, and so forth) (Zagzebski 3).
"Attenuation is used in ultrasound physics and is the reduction of the beam amplitude, as a function of the distance it goes through the medium being imaged. One has to account for attenuation effects because reduced signal amplitude affects the image quality. By adjusting the amplitude to account for the attenuation in the ultrasound beam going through the medium, loss of energy at the desired depth is achieved (Bushong 2)."
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